What Are the Most Common Sex Injuries?

Sexual activity is often seen as a pleasurable and intimate experience, but like any physical activity, it can occasionally lead to injuries. While many injuries are minor and temporary, some require medical attention. Understanding common sex-related injuries can help individuals prevent them and maintain healthy sexual experiences.

1. Friction-Related Injuries

One of the most common injuries involves skin irritation or abrasions due to friction. This can occur from prolonged or vigorous activity, insufficient lubrication, or the use of sex toys. Symptoms may include redness, soreness, or mild swelling of the genitals during or after sex. Using adequate lubrication and taking breaks from sexual activity can help prevent this. Water-based or silicone-based lubricants are often recommended for minimizing friction. Fortunately, skin irritation will usually heal in a few days, assuming the individual avoids any further vigorous sexual activity. If the irritation persists, it is a good idea to see a healthcare provider to rule out skin allergies or another issue that needs treatment.

2. Muscle Strains and Cramps

Sex involves various physical movements, and overexertion can lead to muscle strains, particularly in the back, thighs, or pelvis. Awkward positions, sudden movements, or prolonged activity can increase the risk of strains. Furthermore, certain erectile dysfunction medications can cause muscle soreness, which might contribute to the issue. To avoid these injuries, consider stretching before sex, choose comfortable positions, and listen to your body’s limits. If this is a recurring problem, you could also try using aids such as sex pillows or wedges to get into a more comfortable position for sexual activity.

3. Penile Fracture

Although rare, a penile fracture is one of the most alarming injuries. It occurs when the erect penis is bent forcefully, causing a rupture in the tunica albuginea, the tissue surrounding the erectile chambers. This can happen during vigorous intercourse or accidents involving sudden pressure. Symptoms include a popping sound, pain, swelling, bruising, and the immediate loss of the erection. Penile fractures are a medical emergency and require immediate treatment to prevent complications such as erectile dysfunction or curvature.

4. Vaginal Tears

Vaginal tears can occur due to insufficient lubrication, rough intercourse, or postpartum or postmenopausal changes that make vaginal tissues more fragile. These tears can cause bleeding, discomfort, or pain during or after sex. To reduce the risk, ensure adequate arousal, use lubricants, and communicate openly with your partner about comfort levels. For postmenopausal women, vaginal dryness and fragility may be a sign of genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM). Women experiencing GSM symptoms should see their OBGYN to discuss other treatments beyond lubricant, such as local estrogen.

5. Anogenital Injuries

Injuries to the anus or rectum can occur during anal sex if there is insufficient lubrication or forceful penetration. These injuries may involve minor tears, bleeding, or soreness. Because the rectum lacks natural lubrication, it is crucial to use plenty of lubricant and go slowly to reduce the risk of injury. If you have experienced this type of injury, it may be helpful to use a stool softener to avoid hard bowel movements in the aftermath, and it is important to visit a healthcare provider if the area does not heal.

6. Sex Toy-Related Injuries

Improper use of sex toys can result in injuries such as cuts, bruises, or even objects becoming stuck. Choosing high-quality toys, using them as directed, and avoiding inserting non-intended objects can help prevent injuries. For example, sex toys with a flared base can prevent the risk of a toy getting stuck inside during penetration. If a toy does become stuck, seeking medical help promptly is essential to avoid further complications.

7. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

While not technically an injury, UTIs are a common post-sex complication, particularly in women. Bacteria can be introduced into the urethra during intercourse, leading to symptoms such as burning during urination, frequent urination, and pelvic discomfort. Urinating after sex can help reduce the risk of UTIs.

Prevention Tips

• Communication: Talk openly with your partner about boundaries and comfort levels.

• Lubrication: Use a suitable lubricant to reduce friction and discomfort.

• Hygiene: Maintain good personal hygiene and clean any toys before and after use.

• Pace: Avoid overly vigorous or prolonged activity to minimize strain and injury.

• Preparation: Stretch or warm up before engaging in physically demanding positions.

While most sex-related injuries are minor, knowing how to prevent and address them can enhance safety and comfort. If you experience significant pain, swelling, or persistent symptoms after an injury, it’s important to seek medical attention promptly.

For more information on this topic, please read these publications from the ISSM Journals: The Journal of Sexual Medicine, Sexual Medicine Reviews, and Sexual Medicine Open Access:

The Influence of Sexual Orientation and Sexual Role on Male Grooming-Related Injuries and Infections

A review of the literature and proposed algorithm for penile fracture management

References:

Franco, A. V. M. (2005). Recurrent urinary tract infections. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 19(6), 861-873. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2005.08.003

Goldstein, A. T., Pukall, C. F., Goldstein, I., Krapf, J. M., Goldstein, S. W., & Goldstein, G. (Eds.). (2020). Female sexual pain disorders: Evaluation and management. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119482598

Jones, J. S., Rossman, L., Hartman, M., & Alexander, C. C. (2003). Anogenital injuries in adolescents after consensual sexual intercourse. Academic Emergency Medicine, 10(12), 1378-1383. https://doi.org/10.1197/S1069-6563(03)00555-4

Koifman, L., Barros, R., Júnior, R. A., Cavalcanti, A. G., & Favorito, L. A. (2010). Penile fracture: diagnosis, treatment and outcomes of 150 patients. Urology, 76(6), 1488-1492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2010.05.043